The Chittagong Hill Tracts Regulation Act, 1900 is a landmark colonial-era law that granted the CHT a special administrative status distinct from the rest of Bengal. It restricted land transfer to non-Indigenous outsiders, thereby safeguarding Indigenous land ownership and recognizing their customary practices. Although the Act concentrated administrative power in the hands of the Deputy Commissioner, it also laid the foundation for legal recognition of the unique identity, culture, and rights of the CHT Indigenous communities. For Indigenous Peoples, this regulation remains important because it provided a legal shield—albeit imperfect—against large-scale land dispossession, migration, and assimilation. Even today, the Act is referenced in discussions on autonomy, land rights, and the implementation of the 1997 CHT Peace Accord, making it a historically significant document in the struggle for Indigenous rights in Bangladesh.